Onhezmi: The Ancient City of Modern Saranda

Onhezmi: The Ancient City of Modern Saranda

Onhezmi, known today as the modern city of Saranda, is a city steeped in rich history. Located on the picturesque coast of the Ionian Sea, it lies directly opposite the island of Corfu. This strategic and scenic location has played a significant role throughout its history.

Onhezmi (the name of Saranda town, dates back to ancient times, Bronze Age tools typical of Mycenaean Greece have been unearthed in Sarandë which date c. 1400-1100 BC. In antiquity the city was known by the name of Onchesmus or Onchesmos and was a port-town of Chaonia in ancient Epirus, opposite the northwestern point of Corcyra, and the next port upon the coast to the south of Panormus

Onhezmi comes from the name of a southeastern wind that was blowing and facilitating the voyages of vessels sailing the Ionian waters according to Cicero.

Ancient Beginnings

During the peak of its prominence in the 4th to 2nd centuries BC, Onhezmi was a vital hub in Phoenician antiquity. The Bay of Onhesmi served as a bustling wharf. The remnants of Ionic capitals and columns found in Saranda today are a testament to the existence of a small settlement during that era. These archaeological findings offer a glimpse into the architectural style and the urban life of the time.

Historical Mentions

The city’s name first appeared in recorded history in 60 BC, mentioned by the renowned Roman orator Cicero. He referred to a wind known as Onhesmi that blew from the Bay of Onhesmi towards the Corfu Channel. This highlights the geographical and meteorological significance of the area in ancient times.

Roman Influence and Development

By the 1st to 2nd century BC, the Romans had transformed Onhezmi into a small town and port. This development facilitated connections with Phoenicia and its neighboring regions, emphasizing its strategic importance. Evidence of this transformation includes the discovery of mosaic houses, marble columns, a necropolis, amphorae found in the sea, and ancient coins. These artifacts reflect the Roman influence and the bustling trade activities that took place.

Additionally, the passage of Dionysus to Holicornas for the construction of a temple dedicated to Aphrodite further underscores the cultural and religious significance of the region during Roman times.

Onhezmi’s historical evolution from a Phoenician settlement to a Roman port town illustrates its enduring significance throughout ancient history.

Today, as Saranda, it continues to be a place of beauty and historical intrigue, inviting visitors to explore its rich past and stunning coastal scenery.  Another remaining piece of the fortification wall can be found inside the restaurant of Republika Hotel, in front of the beach.